Prospects of Hydrogen Energy: A Comprehensive Review on Future Sustainable Energy Solutions

Abstract

With the growing global demand for clean energy, hydrogen energy, as a sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly energy carrier, is gradually becoming the focus of energy research and application fields. This paper comprehensively elaborates on the characteristics of hydrogen energy, hydrogen production technologies, storage and transportation methods, as well as its applications in multiple fields, and analyzes in detail the challenges and opportunities faced by the current development of the hydrogen energy industry. Through in-depth discussion of various hydrogen production technologies, such as fossil fuel reforming, water electrolysis, and biological hydrogen production, the advantages, disadvantages, and development trends of different technologies are revealed. Meanwhile, in response to the difficulties in hydrogen storage and transportation, various solutions such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage, along with their technological progress, are introduced. In terms of applications, it covers multiple scenarios including transportation, distributed power generation, and industrial fields, demonstrating the broad application prospects of hydrogen energy. Although the current hydrogen energy industry faces challenges in terms of cost and infrastructure construction, with the strengthening of technological innovation and policy support, hydrogen energy is expected to occupy an important position in the future energy structure and become a key force promoting global energy transformation.